Despite the fact that the fleets different countries In the world there are many submarines with a nuclear reactor on board, military sailors are in no hurry to abandon diesel-electric submarines. The leaders in the creation of such ships for many years were the USSR and Germany. Russia, unfortunately, has largely lost its former positions, as evidenced, in particular, by the long and painful history of the development of Project 677 Lada submarines. Their design began in the Soviet years, but only now it has come to serial production. In the near future, the Ladas may strengthen the Navy, but they have not been able to endow them with the qualities that the designers once sought to achieve.
History of creation
A little over thirty years ago, in 1988, a submarine was introduced into the Swedish Navy, equipped, along with traditional diesel engines, with a special auxiliary engine. It was the so-called anaerobic power plant. Its main difference is the ability to work without the use of atmospheric air. This feature allows submarines that do not have on board nuclear reactor, spend up to twenty days underwater, which radically increases stealth.
In the USSR, submarines with power plants of this type, "Stirling engines", were created back in the 50s of the last century, but their practical use turned out to be extremely dangerous due to technical difficulties associated with the need to store liquid oxygen on board. Nevertheless, after the appearance of new Swedish submarines, it became clear that the old idea needed to be considered at a new level.
In subsequent years, the presence of VNEU (air-independent power plant) has become a key feature of fourth-generation non-nuclear submarines. Meanwhile, submarines with conventional diesel generators and electric motors continued to be in service with the Soviet, and then the Russian fleet.
In order to eliminate the emerging lag, it was decided to create a domestic VNEU. It was planned to install it on large submarines of project 677 (code "Lada"), the development of which began in 1987. At the same time, the Soviet anaerobic power plant was not supposed to become a Stirling engine - it was about creating a so-called electrochemical generator (ECG). Subsequently, German submarine designers followed this path, eventually creating quite successful fourth-generation Project 212A non-nuclear submarines at the end of the twentieth century.
Previously, ECGs for spacecraft had already been produced in the USSR, so there was every reason to expect success. The level of optimism was so high that the development of Project 677 non-nuclear submarines began even before the creation of VNEU. This turned out to be the wrong decision.
The first blow was dealt in 1991, when the Soviet Union. A sharp reduction in all funding programs led to a real degradation of the 677 project and an almost complete curtailment of work on the creation of an anaerobic engine. True, the first ship of the new series, called "St. Petersburg", was nevertheless laid down in 1997, but its subsequent construction was significantly delayed.
The difficulties were largely due to the fact that the leadership of the Rubin design bureau, which designed the new submarine, decided to take the most ambitious path - to create a closed-cycle engine without any emissions to the environment and at the same time not to store on board the necessary for the electrochemical reaction hydrogen, and produce it directly from diesel fuel. The corresponding process is called reforming.
The boat "St. Petersburg" was launched back in 2004. It was equipped with conventional diesel generators with the prospect of further re-equipment at VNEU. It was assumed that in the future, Project 677 submarines would gradually replace the Halibut and Varshavyanka submarines of the third generation of Projects 877 and 636 from the fleet.
Factory tests of "St. Petersburg" took place from 2009 to 2010, after which the ship was transferred for trial operation in the Russian Navy without being put into service. It immediately turned out that the practical use of this submarine was out of the question. In particular, the power plant could safely operate only at 50% of the power declared in the documentation. For a short time, the thrust could be increased to 70% of the nominal value, but this often caused breakdowns of a number of parts, which then required a long repair. In addition, the characteristics of the combat information and control system of the submarine and its sonar complex turned out to be unsatisfactory.
Commenting on the results, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy Vysotsky categorically stated that the fleet does not need such submarines. However, then he explained that the Lada project itself remains promising - only St. Petersburg will remain a prototype for testing technologies.
Subsequently, after the change of command of the Navy, funding for the project 677 submarine program was resumed. In 2013, in particular, the construction of the second submarine of this series, called the Kronstadt, was resumed.
Meanwhile, the developers of the anaerobic power plant continued to pursue failures. Representatives of the Rubin Central Design Bureau, in different years, gave rather conflicting comments about the progress of their project, either promising to demonstrate the finished engine of proper power as soon as possible, or complaining about the complete cessation of funding.
The situation with VNEU remains uncertain today. Apparently, the 677 series submarines will never receive this fundamentally new power plant. In any case, the already launched Kronstadt does not have it, nor will it appear on the Velikie Luki submarine under construction. In accordance with the announced plans of KB Rubin, submarines of the Kalina project will be equipped with air-independent engines, but if this happens, then in a rather distant future.
We have to admit that the program to create submarines of project 677 turned out to be clearly unsuccessful. In its current form, both St. Petersburg, and Kronstadt, and Velikiye Luki are not the fourth, but the third generation submarines, which do not have tangible advantages over the old Varshavyankas.
The lag behind foreign designers was still in the "zero" years to such an extent that the question arose of purchasing German submarines of project 212A for the needs of the Navy.
Today there are no such plans, but the situation remains uncertain. If the refinement of VNEU is not completed in the near future, the Russian creators of non-nuclear submarines risk falling behind their foreign competitors not by a few years, but forever.
The role of diesel-electric submarines in the Russian Navy
The appearance of nuclear submarines was once considered by many experts as the end of the era of the former diesel-electric boats. In the United States, their construction ceased in the late 50s. This is quite understandable - after all, the American fleet is mainly ocean-going, not sea-based. Nuclear submarines are the best suited for long underwater transitions - they do not need to "surface" and find themselves.
Meanwhile, for the Soviet, and then for the Russian fleet, operations in the near and coastal communications, especially in the Baltic and Black Seas, are of great importance. For these conditions, Russian diesel-electric multipurpose submarines are more suitable. They are less noisy than nuclear ones, much smaller and much cheaper.
In addition, the development of electronic equipment and missile weapons makes it possible to successfully use modern diesel-electric submarines to destroy ground targets. In particular, both Project 677 submarines and the Varshavyanki developed back in the USSR can launch Caliber long-range cruise missiles, which significantly increases their strike potential.
New submarines with air-independent engines can significantly outperform their nuclear rivals even on ocean communications, since they no longer need to "surface". The prospects of this direction have been repeatedly proved in naval exercises, when diesel-electric submarines successfully “sinked” larger and noisier boats with nuclear reactors on board.
Design features
One of the main differences between Project 677 and the Halibut and Varshavyanka submarines was the one and a half hull design. At the same time, the light body is so small that sometimes the Lada is also called a single-hull. This decision led to a decrease in the size of the submarine and its displacement. At the same time, it was possible to further reduce the level of noise generated by the movement of the submarine, and it became much more difficult to detect.
The body and its layout
The strong hull of Project 677 submarines is made of special steel AB-2. Its shape is close to cylindrical, and the diameter almost does not change along the entire length. On the bow and stern there are hemispherical ends. The front depth rudders are installed on the wheelhouse, and the rear rudders are installed on the stern, forming a kind of “cross” together with the rudder. In general, the control surfaces are placed in such a way as not to interfere with the operation of the hydroacoustic complex.
The hull is divided into separate rooms by transverse bulkheads and longitudinal platforms.
The list of compartments is as follows:
- Bow (torpedo compartment). It contains torpedo tubes, spare ammunition and a silent reloading system;
- Second compartment. The main room is the central post from which the submarine is controlled. On the lower tiers there is a part of the batteries and auxiliary mechanisms;
- The third (residential) compartment. There is a wardroom, a galley, a medical unit, as well as cabins for all crew members;
- Fourth compartment. Designed to accommodate diesel generators;
- Fifth compartment. Here is an electric motor that drives the propellers of the submarine.
Thanks to a rather large wardroom and the availability of sleeping places for each of the crew members, Project 677 Lada submarines have become the most comfortable of all built for the Soviet and Russian fleets.
An anti-hydroacoustic coating is installed on the submarine's hull, the layer of which reaches forty millimeters in thickness. Due to this, the own noise level is reduced, and the signals of the enemy's active hydroacoustic stations are absorbed.
Power point
The submarine is driven by the main propulsion electric motor SED-1. Its power is 4100 horsepower. Batteries (submerged) or 28DG generators can be used as a current source, generating direct current with a total power of 2000 kilowatts and connected to D-49 diesel engines (V-shaped engines with eight cylinders).
In addition, there are two PG-102M auxiliary electric motors on board. Each of them develops 140 horsepower. These motors are intended for screw remote columns, with the help of which steering is carried out.
Unfortunately, the air-independent power plant on Project 677 submarines is not currently used. Its parameters are unknown, although earlier representatives of the Rubin Design Bureau claimed that the anaerobic engine they created would allow the submerged submarine to move at speeds up to 10 knots.
target equipment
The main tool for searching for targets on Project 677 submarines is the Lira sonar system. It consists of the following elements:
- Noise finding antennas. The main one, L-01, is located on the bow of the submarine. The other two are also in front of the boat, but on the sides;
- Hydroacoustic station with towed antenna;
- Active sonar for communication under water, measuring distance and searching for mines.
Data processing is carried out by the combat information and control system "Lithium". In the surface position, the KRM-66 radar system can be used.
Project 677 submarine armament
There are six torpedo tubes of caliber 533 in the bow compartment of the Lada diesel-electric submarine. With their help, the following weapons are used:
- USET-80K torpedoes. Range - up to 18 km, speed - 45 knots;
- Torpedoes (underwater missiles) "Shkval". Range - up to 13 km, speed - 300 km / h;
- Cruise missiles P-800 "Onyx". Designed to destroy surface ships of all classes. Launch range - up to 600 km, speed - 2M when flying over the sea;
- Cruise missiles "Caliber".
Initially, it was supposed to arm the submarine with TE-2 torpedoes, but they were not ready for operation at the time of the launch of the head St. Petersburg. If you believe the latest reports, it is possible to use both the anti-ship Caliber and another version of this missile, designed to destroy ground targets at a distance of one and a half thousand kilometers or more.
The submarine's ammunition load includes up to 18 torpedoes or missiles. Instead, you can also load 44 naval mines for covert productions.
Some publications claimed that the Lada submarines were equipped with special vertical shafts for salvo launching of missiles. Such a project does exist. It was developed as a special, export modification and received the special name "Amur-950". One of its features, along with missile silos, was the reduction in the number of torpedo tubes to four.
Things have not yet gone beyond the project, since foreign customers have shown practically no interest in Amur-950. This is most likely due to the same thing as that of the Lad, the lack of an air-independent power plant, without which the submarine is uncompetitive.
In addition, it was reported several times that Project 677 submarines are supposed to be equipped with Zircon hypersonic anti-ship missiles, however, according to the most recent information, this promising weapon will not be installed on the Lada.
Specifications
| Displacement | 1765 tons surface, 2650 tons underwater |
| Submarine length | 66.8 m |
| Width | 7.1 m |
| Draft | 6.7 m |
| surface speed | 10 knots |
| underwater speed | Up to 21 nodes |
| Power reserve in the surface position with an economic move | Up to 16,000 miles |
| Power reserve when driving with a snorkel (RDP) | Up to 6500 miles |
| Power reserve in submerged position | 650 miles |
| Working depth | 240-260 m |
| Limit depth | 300 m |
| autonomy | 45 days |
| Crew size | 35 people |
Air-independent engines, if they do appear on the Ladas, will greatly improve the performance of these submarines.
Combat and training use
So far, the fleet has had only one Project 677 submarine, the St. Petersburg. Its use was exceptionally experienced - various on-board systems and equipment were tested. At the same time, a huge number of various shortcomings were discovered. Suffice it to say that after the transfer of the submarine to the customer, it turned out that there was no hydroacoustic complex on board - only external antennas were installed.
The seaworthiness of the ship, due to a poorly functioning power plant, did not allow exits from the port in stormy conditions and significant waves. Many other components and assemblies also caused complaints. Over the following years, most of the detected defects were eliminated, but even today the reputation of St. Petersburg is not brilliant.
In April, this submarine carried out a test launch of a cruise missile - for some reason, directly from the base. Despite the successful defeat of the target, the state of the submarine and the degree of its combat readiness is still in question.
The next ship in this series, the Kronstadt, has been launched and is undergoing a test cycle. In July 2019, this submarine took part in the naval parade in St. Petersburg.
Advantages and disadvantages
Unfortunately, Project 677 submarines are still difficult to recognize as successful. Despite the fact that in publications they are called fourth-generation submarines, in fact they belong to the third. Their most significant advantages are:
- Acoustic stealth. According to the designers, they managed to achieve a 50% reduction in noise level compared to Varshavyanka;
- Improved characteristics of the hydroacoustic complex. Exact values are not named here;
- Ability to use the most advanced weapon systems;
- Excellent conditions for the crew on board.
The main drawback of the boat is obvious - it did not receive the power plant planned in accordance with the project. Because of this, Project 677 submarines are the same "diving" ones as their predecessors, no development in this direction has occurred. In addition, there is still no detailed information about whether it was possible to achieve full-fledged operation of the hydroacoustic complex.
The volley launch capability declared by the manufacturer has not yet been evaluated in any way. Most likely, the Amur-950 submarines should have had this characteristic, but they have not yet been built.
On the whole, it can be assumed that Project 677 submarines will not supplant, but rather complement the Paltus and Varshavyanka diesel submarines already in the Russian Navy. The reduced displacement will allow the use of new boats primarily near the sea coast.
If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.
Project 677 Lada submarines are a series of Russian diesel-electric submarines developed at the end of the 20th century at the Rubin Central Design Bureau. Yury Kormilitsin, general designer of the project.
Project 677 submarines are designed to carry out independent operations on sea lanes against enemy submarines and surface ships in a limited area, carry out anti-submarine defense in coastal areas, narrow places and in torrential zones, lay minefields and other tasks.
The Project 677 Lada submarine is made according to the so-called one and a half hull scheme. The axisymmetric strong case is made of AB-2 steel and has the same diameter almost along the entire length. Bow and stern endings have spherical shape. The hull is divided along the length into five watertight compartments by flat bulkheads, by means of platforms the hull is divided by height into three tiers.
The light hull is given a streamlined shape, providing high hydrodynamic characteristics. The fencing of retractable devices has the same shape as that of the boats of projects 877, at the same time, the stern plumage is cross-shaped, and the front horizontal rudders are placed on the fence, where they create minimal interference with the operation of the hydroacoustic complex.
Project 677 Lada submarines are equipped with 6 torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber. 2 torpedo tubes of the upper tier are adapted for firing remote-controlled torpedoes. Ammunition is 18 units, which may include universal torpedoes (type SAET-60M, UGST and USET-80K), anti-submarine missile torpedoes, cruise missiles, mines (22 types DM-1). The possibility of using high-speed anti-submarine missiles "Shkval" is provided.
The firing system allows you to fire ammunition singly and in one salvo up to 6 units. The Murena mechanical loader allows automatic reloading of torpedo tubes. The entire cycle of preparing the complex for the use of weapons and firing are automated and carried out from the operator's console from the main command post of the submarine.
For air defense, project 677 Lada submarines have 6 Igla-1M MANPADS.
Coordination of the work of all means of electronic weapons is provided by the combat information and control system "Lithium".
The hydroacoustic complex "Lira" includes highly sensitive direction-finding antennas. The complex includes a bow (L-01) and two onboard antennas in the bow of the submarine. The dimensions of the antennas have been increased as much as possible. They occupy most of the surface of the nasal tip.
In addition to stationary antennas, project 677 Lada submarines have an exhaust towed sonar antenna with an exit point in the upper vertical stabilizer.
The navigation complex includes an inertial navigation system and ensures the safety of navigation and the generation of data on the location and movement parameters of the submarine with the accuracy necessary for the use of weapons.
The project 677 Lada submarine has a diesel-electric main power plant designed according to the full electric propulsion scheme. It includes a diesel generator set located in the fourth compartment, consisting of two 28DG direct current diesel generators with rectifiers (1000 kW each), two groups of batteries with 126 cells each (total power - 10580 kW / h), located in the first and third compartments, an all-mode brushless low-speed propulsion motor with excitation by permanent magnets of the SED-1 type with a power of 4100 kW.
The selected power of diesel generators allows not only "normal" charging of the battery, but also a specially designed accelerated charging mode, which can significantly reduce the time spent by the submarine in the periscope position. The absence of a brush current collector increases the safety of generator operation.
The project 677 Lada submarine is equipped with a KSU-600 universal rescue complex for remote automatic release of PSNL-20 life rafts (2 pcs., in the superstructure in front of the retractable devices fencing).
All living quarters of the submarine are located in the third compartment. Cabins are provided for all crew members: for command staff - double, for the commander - single.
For meals there is a wardroom with a pantry. All food supplies are placed in special pantries, cooled and uncooled. Newly developed galley equipment with small dimensions and energy consumption is able to provide fast cooking of hot food.
Fresh water is stored in stainless steel tanks. Replenishment of water reserves is possible with the help of a water desalination plant that utilizes the heat of diesel engines. In general, water supply is quite sufficient for both drinking and hygienic purposes (washing dishes, showers). Living conditions and supplies of fuel, food and drinking water provide autonomy of 45 days.
Specifications submarines of project 677 "Lada"
Crew, people: 35;
Surface displacement, t: 1765;
Underwater displacement, t: 2650;
Maximum length, m: 66.8;
The width of the hull is the largest, m: 7.1;
Draft, m: 6.7;
Working immersion depth, m: 250;
Maximum immersion depth, m: 300;
Maximum surface speed, knots: 10;
Maximum travel speed underwater knots: 21;
Cruising range (at knot speed) submerged, miles: 650 (3);
Cruising range (at knot speed) underwater in RPD mode, miles: 6000 (7);
Torpedo tubes, pcs: 6;
Ammunition, torpedoes / min: 18/22;
Ammunition, missiles: 6
Large diesel-electric submarine
Project 677 "Lada" developed by Central Design Bureau MT "Rubin", chief designer - Yu.N. Kormilitsyn. Development began in 1987. The construction of a series of boats was planned to be carried out at the plants "Leningrad Admiralty Association" (Leningrad), "Sevmash" (Severodvinsk), "Krasnoe Sormovo" (Nizhny Novgorod) and "Them. Lenin Komsomol" (Komsomolsk-on-Amur).
The technical design of the Project 677 submarine was approved in 1993, but was sent for processing. The second version of the technical project was approved in 1997. The lead boat of the B-585 series (serial number 01570) was laid down at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Admiralty Shipyards" (St. Petersburg) on December 26, 1997. The lead boat was launched on October 28, 2004. the first the boat made sea trials on December 14-21, 2005. The boat's tests lasted about 5 years, and as a result, on April 22, 2010, the submarine B-585 "St. Petersburg" was accepted by the Fleet for trial operation.
In 2013, a contract was signed for the construction of serial submarines of the project - Kronstadt and Velikiye Luki.
Submarine "St. Petersburg" project 677
(http://www.ckb-rubin.ru)
Project 677 in the Russian Navy
The lead submarine "Sankt-Peterburg" carries out experimental combat service in the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy. It is assumed that the first serial submarines "Kronstadt" and "Veliky Luki" will also serve in the Northern Fleet.
Submarine design
The design of the boat is one-and-a-half-hull. The hull design uses AB-2 steel developed by the Central Research Institute of KM "Prometey". Due to the use of the most modern means of acoustic protection, it is assumed that the noise of the submarine will be several times lower than the noise of Project 877 submarines. The boat is equipped with wheelhouse horizontal rudders. A special anti-hydroacoustic coating of the boat is used.
Propulsion system
The boats of the project provide full electric propulsion with a single all-mode electric motor of the main course.
2 x diesel generators 28DG direct current with a capacity of 1000 kW, the generator uses an 8-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine D-49;
1 x main propulsion motor SED-1 (brushless low-speed all-mode electric motor with permanent magnet excitation) with a capacity of 4100 hp developments of the Central Design Bureau MT "Rubin" together with the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NIIEFA im. D.V. Efremova.
2 x remote screw columns RDK-35 with electric motors PG-102M with a power of 140 hp each.
Crew- 35 people Length- 66.8 m Width- 7.1 m Draft- 6.7 m Surface displacement- 1765 tons Underwater displacement- 2650 t surface speed- 10 knots Underwater speed- 21 knots cruising range:- 16,000 miles (economic course) - 6,500 miles (under RDP) - 650 miles (underwater) Maximum immersion depth- 300 m autonomy- 45 daysperformance characteristics of the submarine
The layout of the submarine "Amur-1650" project 677E(http://www.ckb-rubin.ru)
6 bow 533-mm torpedo tubes with an air firing system and a Murena automatic fast silent reloading device; Ammunition - mines, 18 torpedoes (SAET-60M, UGST and USET-80K types), Caliber-PL (Club-S) cruise missiles; Anti-aircraft systems - 6 x portable anti-aircraft missile systems "Igla-1M".Armament
The main command post of the submarine pr.677 (http://www.ckb-rubin.ru)
◊ Integrated system of automated control of the ship "Lithy" developed by NPO "Aurora" ◊ Automated traffic control system "Liana" ◊ Hydroacoustic complex "Lira" ◊ Radar KRM-66 "Kodak" ◊ Digital complex of radio communications "Distance" ◊ Navigation complex "Apassionata" ◊ Unified periscope complex UPK "Parus-98" with a commander's periscope and a non-penetrating optocoupler mast.Equipment
Modifications:
project 677 / 06770 "Lada"- a series of submarines for the Russian Navy. The production of the series is carried out at the plant of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Admiralty Shipyards" (St. Petersburg).
project 677E "Amur" / "Amur-1650"- export modification of the submarine project 677.
Amur-1650VNEU- a draft version of a large non-nuclear submarine of project 677 with an air-independent power plant (VNEU).
(on KVL)
(according to CVL)
DG With diesel engines D49
VNEU on the TE (in perspective)
mine armament
General designer of the project Yuri Kormilitsin. The series is the development of the project 877 Halibut. The boats are meant for destruction of submarines, enemy surface ships and vessels, protection naval bases, sea coast and sea communications, reconnaissance. The low noise level was achieved due to the choice of a single-hull structural type, a decrease in the dimensions of the ship, the use of an all-mode main propulsion motor with permanent magnets, and the installation of vibration-active equipment on vibration isolators type "VI" and the introduction of technology for applying anti-sonar coating of a new generation "Lightning" [ ] . Due to the shortcomings of the power plant, the planned serial construction of boats of this project in its original form was canceled, the project will be finalized.
Story
Development of a technical project is cheaper than project 877 "Halibut", diesel-electric submarine for inland seas(to replace obsolete submarines of the Black Sea and Baltic Fleets) under the code "Lada" was produced at the Central Design Bureau of the Ministry of Transport " Ruby» with the support of the Commander-in-Chief Chernavin at the turn of the 1980s, but after its consideration in December 1990 Military Industrial Commission refused to finance the continuation of the work.
According to the modernization plans of the Russian submarine fleet for 2008, Project 677 Lada diesel-electric submarines were to become one of the four types of submarines put into service. One of the features of the Soviet and Russian submarine fleet was the use of dozens various types and modifications of submarines, which greatly hampered their operation and ship repair.
According to the original project, it was planned to build 20 units for the Russian Navy. However, after failures in testing and finalizing the lead boat of the project in 2011, it was decided to re-equip it and complete the three submarines already laid down according to the modified project.
In February 2012, the media said that the Navy was abandoning the Lada project - according to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy V. Vysotsky :
However, a little later, the commander-in-chief added that the project was being finalized and would be put into service.
As a result, the project will receive a new power plant and will be classified as non-nuclear submarines.
The previous Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, V. Vysotsky, stopped the production of these boats due to problems with the power unit and acoustic complex. Rubin solved the last problem, experts say, but the power unit still does not produce the required power. Nevertheless, the new commander-in-chief, Vice Admiral Viktor Chirkov, gave the command to complete the construction of the boats. “The deadlines for the delivery of the ships will become clear towards the end of the year,” a source said on Admiralty shipyards. He did not rule out that due to the maximum load of the shipyards, perhaps part of the state program for non-nuclear boats will be transferred to other plants. Most likely on "Red Sormovo", hardly in Severodvinsk "Sevmash"(by 2020, he will have to manufacture eight Project 955 Borey nuclear submarine missile cruisers and the same number of Project 885 Yasen multi-purpose nuclear submarines).
Within the framework of the state armament program 2020 - until 2020, it is planned to build twenty diesel-electric submarines for the Navy - six will be project 636.3 boats " Varshavyanka”, and the remaining fourteen, as a result of the foregoing, will most likely be boats of the modified project 677 Lada.
| To date, the decision on the serial construction of these submarines has been made by the Russian Ministry of Defense. Financing of the construction is planned in the state defense order, and the trial operation of the submarines is taking place in accordance with the program, which is being successfully implemented. All the characteristics specified by the Navy's terms of reference were basically confirmed during state tests, with the exception of the full underwater speed. Currently, the Project 677 submarine is located in the main base of the Baltic Fleet and is preparing to transfer to the Northern Fleet to complete trial operation. |
He noted that more than 130 samples of the latest radio-electronic and ship equipment were installed on the boat. According to him, modernized engines will be installed on serial submarines, which will provide the necessary power.
July 9, 2013 "Admiralty Shipyards" resumed construction of the second boat of the series, "Kronstadt". The new contract concluded with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation provides for the construction of a ship according to an adjusted technical project. The designer of the diesel-electric submarine of the Lada project - the Rubin Central Design Bureau of MT - has done a lot of work to improve the submarine and create modernized ship complexes. On the second order of the series, modernized equipment samples will be installed - a control system for ship hardware, an electric propulsion system, and a navigation complex. During the construction of Kronstadt, the results of the trial operation of the head order will be taken into account.
According to TASS on January 16, 2016, a source in the main command of the Russian Navy, the second and third submarines "Kronstadt" and "Velikiye Luki" of project 677 "Lada" will be transferred to Russian fleet later than previously scheduled - in 2019. The source emphasized that the second and third submarines of the series are being built taking into account all the comments identified during the operation of the lead Lada (St. Petersburg in the Northern Fleet). As for the possible installation on these submarines of an air-independent ( anaerobic) power plant, then "it is necessary to wait for the results of its sea tests".
On January 21, 2016, the official representative of the Navy, Captain 1st Rank Igor Dygalo, stated that the cessation of the construction of a series of diesel-electric submarines of project 677 "Lada" is not being considered today.
On March 18, 2016, an official representative of the United Shipbuilding Corporation and a high-ranking representative of the Navy told the RIA Novosti news agency: “Two non-nuclear submarines of Project 677 Lada - Kronstadt and Velikiye Luki - will be transferred to the Navy in 2018-2019 and these will be last boats of this project. Next, the construction of boats of the project " viburnum “» .
On July 27, 2016, it was announced that there was no final decision to stop or continue the construction of submarines of this project.
June 26, 2017 Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy Admiral V. I. Korolev said that a decision was made to continue the construction of diesel-electric submarines of project 677, after the delivery Navy submarines "Kronstadt" and "Velikiye Luki" the construction of the series will be continued.
June 28, 2017 at the International Naval Show in St. Petersburg, Deputy Commander of the Russian Navy for armaments, Vice Admiral V. I. Bursuk announced that two more serial submarines of this project will be contracted in the near future, which will be built at the Admiralty Shipyards in the period "until 2025". After 2025, the series of submarines will continue.
In June 2019, at the Army-2019 International Military-Technical Forum, a contract was signed between the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Admiralty Shipyards for the construction of two more (fourth and fifth) Project 677 Lada submarines.
Design
The diesel-electric submarine of project 677 is made according to a one and a half hull scheme. axisymmetric rugged body It is made of AB-2 steel and has the same diameter almost along the entire length. The bow and stern ends are spherical. The hull is divided along the length into five watertight compartments by flat bulkheads, the hull is divided by platforms into three tiers along the height. light body given a streamlined shape, providing high hydrodynamic characteristics. Drawer guard has the same shape as the boats of projects 877, at the same time, the stern plumage is cruciform, and the front horizontal rudders are placed on the fence, where they create minimal interference with the operation of the hydroacoustic complex.
Power plant
planned air independent(anaerobic) power plant
Modifications
"Amur-950" - export modification. The main difference from the boats of the main project is to reduce the number torpedo tubes up to 4 and the presence vertical launchers(UVP) for 10 missiles capable of leaving in two minutes with one volley. Surface displacement - 1150 tons. The maximum length is 56.8 meters. Hull width - 5.65 meters. Crew - 19 people. Autonomy - 30 days. Maximum diving depth - 300 meters. Underwater speed - 20 knots.
"Amur-1650"- export modification similar to that purchased by the Russian Navy. In addition, it has a direction-finding antenna capable of detecting particularly quiet targets, and can fire a volley of 6 missiles.
Representatives
| Name | Shipyard | Laid down | Launched on the water |
Accepted into service |
Fleet | State | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
