Roofing pie under bitumen shingles. Roofing pie for soft tiles. Installation of roofing pie under soft tiles

Soft (bitumen) shingles are a relatively new building material. Its basis is fiberglass, impregnated with bitumen on both sides.

This design provides the material with fire resistance, moisture resistance and elasticity, allowing the tiles to be mounted on pies with bends and complex parts.

During production, mineral chips of different shapes and colors are applied to the surface of the tiles, which creates a wide range of design solutions.

It is especially appropriate to use the material when arranging roofs with large angles slope of the slopes.

This name refers to a structure that fills the space of the roof between its outer and inner edges, that is space inside the rafter frame. It consists of layers of various materials, each of which performs its own function. Because of its layering, the structure has a name similar to the name of the culinary product.

Roofing pie under improves waterproofing properties roof, ensures its insulation. Separate layers are responsible for each of these functions; for example, to increase moisture resistance, a waterproofing layer is included in the cake. The number of components of the pie depends on the type of roof: insulated roofs require more layers.

Now let’s look at the roofing scheme for soft tiles in more detail.

Pie for a cold roof

There is no need to insulate the roof in cases where the owners of the house do not intend to use the attic space as a living space. Cold Roof Pie has a relatively simple structure and consists of six layers:

Soft tiles, unlike metal profiles, requires additional pads, fixing and strengthening the position of the coating.

Waterproofing is needed to prevent the formation of condensation in the internal space of the roof. It can be placed not only under the sheathing, but also in front of it.

Mansard roof installation

If you intend to use the attic space for permanent or temporary residence (that is, transform it into an attic space), then thermal insulation of the roof becomes a necessary action. The insulating layer increases the thickness of the roofing pie and complicates its installation. Insulation also involves carrying out a vapor barrier to avoid the negative impact of the internal condensation of the room on its materials.

Thus, the roofing pie for soft tiles includes two additional layers. The completed design looks like this:

Tile covering.
Underlay carpet.
OSB coating.
Lathing.
Waterproofing.
Rafters.

soft roof pie with insulation

Bitumen itself has good moisture-proof properties, therefore laying a separate waterproofing layer is not necessary here, as opposed to installing a metal tile roof. But with a high slope angle and the presence of insulation, additional waterproofing will significantly increase the operational potential of the roof.

When laying the cake, it is important to leave small gaps between the layers to allow natural ventilation.

Waterproofing and vapor barrier

If roof slope angle is less than 18 degrees, the waterproofing layer is laid only on the most vulnerable places: ridge, overhangs, valleys, areas around pipes.

If more than 18 degrees, then the waterproofing is laid over the entire roof area.

Moisture-proof materials are divided into liquid and solid. The first ones are applied to flat roofs or those with a small angle of inclination (up to 5%). If the roof has a greater slope, then materials are used in solid forms, such as film and roll.

Since soft tiles are mainly used for sloping roofs, then we will talk specifically about hard waterproofing.

The highest quality moisture-resistant materials are waterproofing membrane. Its pores do not have a standard cylindrical shape, but a funnel-shaped one with a narrowing on the upper edge. This form allows condensation to escape freely from the interior of the roof, but does not allow moisture to enter.

If no special design solutions are conceived, then waterproofing is laid between the rafters and the sheathing. It is fixed to the rafters using a construction stapler, and it should be fastened to the sheathing with self-tapping screws.
Soft roof waterproofing is laid in the direction from eaves to ridge. The overlap between two sheets of material should not be more than 12 cm
The sheets are fastened to each other using adhesive tape.
The film or roll may sag in the space between the edges of the rafters, but no more than 20 mm. Such sagging will improve the ventilation capabilities of the roof.

Vapor barrier also protects the insides of the roofing pie from moisture, but, unlike waterproofing, it prevents moisture from entering the interior of the house, and not from the environment. Its main function is to protect the insulation, so vapor barriers are rarely installed in cold roofs.

NOTE!

When choosing a vapor barrier material, you should pay attention special attention to its strength, since during operation of the roof it will be subject to insulation pressure.

The most popular materials for vapor barrier films are polyethylene and aluminum foil.

waterproofing the roof pie under a soft roof

The film is attached to the rafters using galvanized nails or staples. It is important to carefully connect all the joints, otherwise condensation will penetrate into the inside of the cake. As with the installation of waterproofing, it is necessary to leave a slight sagging of the film to improve internal ventilation. But if a vapor barrier is installed instead of a film, then sagging is unacceptable, the material must be tensioned.

Before installing all insulating layers, the rafters are treated with antiseptic impregnation.

Insulation of flexible tiles

Despite providing protection from moisture with vapor and waterproofing, the material for the insulation must also be sufficiently resistant to water so that it is not damaged by the slightest leakage of the protective layers.

Also important are criteria such as:

The most popular materials for insulation are mineral wool, glass wool, polystyrene foam, penoizol, polyurethane foam. These materials are distinguished by their low cost and resistance to negative influences. But it is important to ensure that they are well insulated from the living space, since small particles of some types of insulation (for example, glass wool) are harmful to humans with its constant entry into his body.

CAREFULLY!

Before installing the insulation, provision should be made for creating gaps with both the waterproofing and the vapor barrier. This is necessary to ensure ventilation and prevent damage to materials when rubbing against each other.

Insulation of a soft roof is carried out in the following order:

Nails are driven into the lower edges of the rafters at all corners at equal distances from each other.
The thermal insulation material is slightly compressed and inserted into the space between the rafters.
The cords are threaded between the driven nails and secured in a crosswise position; they are the ones who make the insulation securely fastened.

Instead of cords, you can use slatted wooden sheathing; it is attached not by diagonally crossing, but parallel to each other in increments of 40 centimeters.

Insulation of tiles is carried out by analogy with other coatings

Thermal insulation is usually installed in two layers. The insulation blocks should not protrude beyond the lower and upper planes of the rafters; otherwise, the materials must be trimmed.

These are the main components of the soft tile roofing cake. Its main difference is that the material of such a roof has good waterproofing, and the installation of a separate moisture-proof layer is not necessary, but all other necessary elements are similar to those of other types of tiles.

Useful video

What does a roofing pie look like under flexible tiles in video format:

In contact with

In most cases, the soft roof pie looks like this:

Waterproofing or diffusion layer;
Ventilated space;

When installing the material, it is important to follow the specified order. Below we will analyze each of the elements in detail and tell you how to choose and install them correctly.

Wall laminated timber
Under-eaves board
Sliding support for rafters
Add. lathing for insulation
Ventrijka
Lining
Rafter leg
Anti-mosquito net
Roofing film
Gutter
Lathing
Counter-lattice
OSB board
Roof covering bituminous shingles
Underlay carpet

The design of the roofing pie may vary depending on what result you want to achieve. So, if you are planning to arrange a “cold” attic, then the thermal insulation layer is excluded. Otherwise, the structure of the pie will be approximately the same as for an insulated roof.

It is important to ensure that each of the layers described above is installed in accordance with the necessary requirements for quality, reliability and safety. If individual parts of the entire roofing structure are laid incorrectly or selected without taking into account the climate zone in which the building is located, you risk the quality of the roofing system as a whole. Sometimes such miscalculations can be corrected by local repairs, but more often, to correct them, you will have to replace the entire structure of your roof.

Basic elements of a roofing pie

So, we understand what the design of a roofing pie should look like, now let's look at each of the elements in detail, paying attention to the features and important aspects.

For options with an uninsulated roof, a vapor barrier is not needed, but if the attic or other room under the roof is residential and heated, you cannot do without a vapor barrier - otherwise, the insulation will pick up moisture formed as a result of condensation. Rafters are used to attach the vapor barrier film. Vapor barrier film is produced in rolls - the roll is spread along the ridge with an overlap. The amount of overlap is approximately 15 centimeters. The easiest way to attach this material to the rafters is with a construction stapler. One more point: all joints must be glued with special tape and during installation, do not stretch the vapor barrier film, let it sag a little (literally 3-5 millimeters) between the rafters.

Advice! To calculate the distance between the rafters, proceed from the weight of one square meter of the future roofing cake.

These elements increase the strength of the structure and serve as ventilation, preventing rotting of the rafters. First of all, the counter-lattice bars are installed - it is on them that the main layer of the sheathing is laid, and the gap formed between these two layers will serve as ventilation. The construction of a roofing pie implies that at this stage you already know what roofing material you will use. If you are going to roof with asphalt shingles, you will need a continuous sheathing. This layer is made from OSB, plywood, and so on. The surface must be perfectly smooth, even, and have a minimum number of joints.

Advice! To enhance the strength of the structure, OSB sheets (they are the ones recommended for soft roofing) must rest on all sides on the rafters or counter-lattice. Sagging will cause the structure to lose strength.

Let us repeat that a layer of insulation is only needed if you are planning a warm room or a heated attic under the roof. Choosing insulation is a responsible matter, because almost 30% of the heat escapes through the roof, which means that correctly selected insulation will help optimize the cost of heating the space. The best option for insulating a roofing pie is mineral wool insulation based on glass wool or basalt. Such materials are convenient to use, because they can be laid even in hard-to-reach corners, without forming joints and, as a result, cold bridges. Remember that high-quality insulation for roofing must fulfill its main function - to protect against high and low temperatures. The minimum thickness of insulation is considered to be 150 millimeters, but for regions with very cold winters, building codes provide for an increase in thickness to 200 millimeters or more.

Since the roof is the main obstacle between the premises of the house and precipitation, it is difficult to imagine installing a pie without a well-thought-out waterproofing system. If you are installing a soft roof, it is better to choose diffusion membranes. These membranes have an excellent property - they release steam to the outside, but do not let moisture in from the outside. Thus, the steam rises up, but the roof remains solid and impregnable even for the most merciless downpours. Such a membrane is mounted directly over the thermal insulation layer, which makes it possible to make the roofing pie more compact, enhance the thermal insulation properties of the structure and save time when installing the roof.

Ventilation

Ventilation is something that a roofing project cannot do without, because otherwise condensation will quickly render the entire roof structure unusable. It is important to know that roof ventilation can be passive or forced. Passive ventilation of the roofing pie includes ventilation gaps, which are located between the layers (we talked about them when mentioning the sheathing). But forced ventilation involves equipping the roof with special devices driven by wind or electricity. A good option in this case would be roof aerators.

Materials for roofing pie

Why choose IKOPAL? As is clear from our list of roofing pie structures, the next item is, in fact, the roofing material. Each layer of the pie is extremely important, but it is difficult to overestimate the importance of the roofing material - after all, it is the one that will be in direct contact with the environment, wind and precipitation.

Bitumen shingles are a reliable solution for any structure. Here are just a few advantages:

Used for any, even the most severe climate;
Provides good sound insulation;
Withstands significant snow and wind loads;
Used on roofs of complex configuration;
Easy to install, there are no problems with local repairs, if necessary (the amount of waste during the installation process is minimal);
Looks aesthetically pleasing and stylish.

Important! To install most types of soft roofing, the roof slope must be at least 11 degrees.

Bitumen has all these qualities. This is a modern, convenient and, most importantly, reliable roofing material; it is ideal for installing new roofs and repairing old ones. High installation speed can significantly reduce construction time.

The roofing pie is a layer-by-layer structure made of covering flooring and accompanying insulating materials, each of which has its own purpose. The types of materials in the roofing pie, their location and the number of layers depend on the finishing coating and the configuration of the roof - flat or pitched, cold or insulated.

Purpose and composition of the roofing pie

Roofing cake is a filler for the rafter frame. Its main purpose is to protect the house from precipitation and provide a comfortable microclimate in residential premises. This is achieved thanks to the multi-layer nature of the roofing pie and the presence of forming elements, the correct installation of which, namely the order of arrangement of materials and adherence to fastening technology, determines the functionality of the roof.

Each layer of the roofing pie has its own purpose, is connected to the others and must be installed in a strictly defined sequence

Since everything is interconnected during the construction process - accuracy, reliability, combination of building materials, etc., you should remember an important rule - the weight of the roofing cake should not exceed the load-bearing capacity of the rafter system.

Hence the initial task - even at the design stage, to correctly assemble and calculate in accordance with standards 2.01.07–85 all the loads on the enclosing structure, the required thickness of the insulation and, in proportion to this, the strength of the roof truss frame.

The greater the weight of the roofing material, the stronger the supporting structure must be, which creates additional load on the building itself and on the foundation

By and large, the structure of the roofing pie is the same for all roofs. Typically it includes the following layers (from the inside out):

Depending on the type of roofing, individual elements may be added to the composition of the pie, for example, a lining carpet under flexible tiles. Or, according to the type of roof and its purpose, the arrangement of layers may change. In particular, when installing an inversion roof, the waterproofing is placed under the insulation.

In an inversion roof, the insulation and waterproofing layers are swapped

Thus, for each roof there is a certain technology for laying the roofing pie, and only strict adherence to it ensures the durability of the entire structure. But just following the order of the layers is not enough. It is necessary that all materials are of high quality, tested and meet standards. And if everything is more or less clear with almost all the components of the pie, then problems often arise with vapor barrier, especially for novice developers who either lay material unsuitable for this purpose or completely abandon it, having listened to the “wise” advice of people who have no practical knowledge. construction experience, but consider themselves specialists.

There is no multifunctional “vapor and waterproofing”, no matter what unscrupulous sellers tell you. Vapor-permeable waterproofing and vapor-proof membranes or films are different materials, the improper use of which will result in extremely disastrous consequences.

The lack of vapor barrier has a detrimental effect on the thermal protection of the roof, as a result of which the insulation deteriorates and after a while the house becomes damp and cold

As for compliance with the methods of laying and fastening the components of the roofing pie, only one thing can be said here - the entire process is set out in the manufacturers’ instructions for each material . You just need to follow these instructions and not violate them.

Video: laying insulating layers of a roofing pie

Today, thanks to modern technologies, there are many ways to arrange a high-quality roof. Let's look at the most popular ones.

A roof is considered cold if the space under the roof is not insulated and is most often not used. In some cases, the attic space is left cold deliberately - arranging a wine cellar, food storage space, gym, workshop or bedroom, which will be in great demand on hot days.

In the attic under a cold roof you can create a full-fledged room if you find a functional approach to it

In addition to attic roofs, there are also cold attic structures, crowning gazebos, terraces, the central entrance to the building, greenhouses, etc.

The roofless roof can be cold or warm depending on the purpose of the building

The design and composition of the pie for a cold roof depends on its slope. For pitched roofs, the roofing pie is arranged in two zones: along the slopes and along the lower floor.

If you look from the inside, the sequence of layers on the slopes will be as follows:

waterproofing material fixed to the rafters;
counter slats that fix the waterproofing and provide a ventilation gap;
sheathing;
roofing covering.

On floor slabs (from the interior to the roof):

For flat attic roofs, the layout of the layers remains the same, only the division is between the lower and upper floors. There is one peculiarity here - waterproofing is not included in the roofing pie and is not laid on the upper base, except for structures where wooden beams supported by walls and purlins serve as the base for the roofing.

A flat cold roof is installed only with a vapor barrier, except in cases where the attic roof is supported by wooden beams

The exclusion of waterproofing from the roofing pie for such configurations is completely justified. Soft roofing, which is most often used on flat roofs, is itself an excellent sealant. In addition, the roofing material is laid on a solid base of corrugated sheets or concrete slabs, on which a slope of expanded clay or perlite and a leveling cement screed are placed, which is quite enough to prevent any leaks.

Expanded clay slope is an affordable and inexpensive way to drain rainwater from a flat roof

Cold attic roofs are the most correct designs. They provide good natural air circulation, which is enhanced as needed by roof aerators. It is not for nothing that such roofs have long been built in Rus'. The entire roofing pie in them consisted of sheathing (modern lathing), stuffed along the bulls (rafters), and also laid on top of rough and red planks. Cold roofs can last for hundreds of years, keeping the entire roof structure usable.

In ancient times, huts were covered with gable roofs “on males” using a nailless method and covered with any available material

Video: cold attic roof pie

Pie for Shinglas soft tiles

Cold roofing with a wooden rafter system and high-quality soft covering "Shinglas" is often installed in private homes and administrative buildings. This design is easy to install, maintain and operate. The composition of the roofing cake includes:

As you can see, this design is very simple. Even one person can handle its installation, while saving on contractor fees.

Video: laying soft Shinglas tiles

Unlike cold roofs, all components of the roofing pie for insulated structures are combined into an integral system with the indispensable arrangement of ventilation gaps and a strictly determined alternation of materials. The arrangement of layers of a pitched warm roof pie is as follows:

When installing a warm roof, it is necessary to properly seal the joints of all roofing materials in hard-to-reach and therefore problematic places - valleys, chimney and ventilation passages, dormer windows, adjoining walls. Poor tightness or its absence is fraught with roof leakage with the formation of fungus and mold, wetting of the insulation, rotting of the rafter system, heat loss through the roof and, accordingly, huge bills for energy resources.

Types of roofing pie relative to roof structure

Let's look at the features of the pie using the example of a pitched and flat roof.

Pitched roof pie

There are simple pitched and broken attic structures with a residential roof space. Simple pitched roofs have the roofing pie structure discussed above.

Video: correct roofing pie for a pitched roof

Features of the installation of warm broken roofs

Broken warm roofs are of particular interest, although they have no global changes in the composition of the roofing pie and the typical layering of materials. The only difference is the location of the insulation and its eternal companion - the vapor barrier, which are laid along the slopes to the point of break, and then, as in a cold structure, horizontally along the support beams connecting the opposite rafters.

The peculiarity of the roofing pie of a warm broken structure is the laying of insulation and vapor barrier, which, after breaking, are located horizontally along the support beams

Thanks to this installation, a cold triangle is formed between the crossbars and the ridge, ensuring good ventilation of the attic, which is a necessary condition for arranging a warm roof with a residential under-roof space.

The method of laying insulation and waterproofing a sloping roof creates a cold triangle in the upper part of the structure, which ensures good ventilation of the attic

The roofing pie of a sloping roof from top to bottom has the following structure:

Recently, it has become fashionable to leave wooden rafters open in the attic, as a result of which the location of some layers of the roofing pie changes in any pitched structure. The order remains the same, but all materials, starting with the sheathing, are laid along the upper edge of the rafters, which must be taken into account when calculating the loads on the rafter system.

If the rafters remain open, then all layers of the roofing pie, including sheathing, are laid along the upper edge of the rafter legs

Video: roofing pie of an attic roof

Pie under a seam roof

A seam roof is a metal structure in which the panels (pictures) are connected to each other by bending (transverse and longitudinal seams). The grooves (grooves) formed in this case serve as drainage. This joining of sheets of aluminum, steel, copper and titanium-zinc looks charming on the roof of a house, and also creates a waterproof deck that reliably protects the roofing cake and rafter system.

The fastening system hidden under the seam guarantees no roof leaks and does not require through holes

Composition of the roofing cake for seam covering:

The peculiarities of the folded pie are that the pie contains a raised beam, usually with a cross-section of 50X50 mm, laid along the upper edge of the rafters and providing an additional ventilation gap between the insulation and waterproofing, which is necessary to remove condensate from the metal roof. In sheathing, which for flat roofs and structures with a small slope is filled with a continuous deck using wood, particle boards or moisture-resistant plywood.

The seam roof is installed on a sparse sheathing with a small pitch or on a solid base

Since seam roofing, like any metal roofing, is classified as noisy, when laying the roofing pie you need to:

Video: installation of seam roofing

Pie flat roof

The construction of a flat roof is becoming increasingly popular due to the savings in financial, material and labor resources for its construction. In addition, this configuration is very effective in regions with frequent and strong winds - even a hurricane wind will not blow away a flat roof.

The key advantage of a flat roof is the ability to significantly increase the usable area

The structure of a flat roof pie depends on its base and method of use.

Unused flat roof

On a base of corrugated sheets, the layers of the roofing cake are arranged in the following order:

galvanized steel base (profiled sheets);
vapor barrier material;
insulation;
finishing coating.

Based on reinforced concrete slabs, the roof pie consists of:

Operable flat roof

You can move freely on the roof in use and use it at your discretion. Recreation areas, winter gardens, playgrounds, swimming pools and even parking for cars are arranged on such a structure. Naturally, a roof in use needs a solid foundation that can withstand significant loads, and the correct installation of all insulating materials.

Standard technology for placing layers of roofing pie:

The peculiarity of this layering is that the waterproofing is well hidden and will not be destroyed, and the insulation located between it and the geotextile is reliably protected from getting wet.

Green roof pie

In modern cities, thanks to intensive development, there has become a catastrophic lack of green space. Private homeowners compensate for this deficiency by arranging green areas on their roofs - neat lawns and beds, bright flower beds and entire public gardens.

The undeniable advantages of a green roof are environmental friendliness, durability, strength and extraordinary attractiveness.

The creation of a green roof should be taken into account at the design stage of the house.

The composition of the roofing pie for a “living” roof is standard, with the only difference being that in this design 2–3 layers of geotextile are laid, which prevent weeds from penetrating into the base, preserving it from destruction. The layers are laid in the following order:

The green roof is an oasis of health and elation. But to equip it, you need to strictly follow the installation technology and use high-quality materials, otherwise repairs will be too expensive.

Despite all the advantages of slate, it is rarely used for arranging free-standing flat structures. The exception is transparent slate, the roofing cake for which consists only of sheathing and covering material.

Transparent slate is a durable, hermetically sealed coating that can reliably protect the room underneath from negative weather conditions.

Due to its relatively low cost, corrugated slate is more often used:

For the latter case, the roofing pie has the following composition:

Roofing pie for soft roofing

Today, soft roofing is in great demand among developers, due to its absolute tightness and a huge variety of materials that will make a roof of any configuration durable, reliable and attractive.

Soft roofing is suitable for all types of private houses and roofs of any complexity

Based on the texture, shape, color and composition of the top layer, there are 3 types of soft roofing:

It cannot be said that some material is better or worse than others. They're just different. Each type has its own strengths and weaknesses, so you should choose based on personal preference and common sense.

For example, piece tiles are ideal for clearly visible pitched roofs. Roll materials are universal. Their new generation, with a special technology for laying on pitched roofs, resembles a seam structure. However, they are also good for flat roofs. And self-leveling ones are, of course, the prerogative of sloping roofs. In addition, soft roofing is a well-balanced combination of price and quality, which is why it is in high demand.

Thanks to various mineral coatings, as well as the latest installation technologies, modern roll roofing looks extremely interesting and attractive

Specifics of the construction of a roofing pie for a soft roof

Roofing for soft coverings is more difficult than for hard structures. It is formed for each type of soft flooring, taking into account all indicators that affect the performance properties of the roof.

Some types of roofing pie for soft finishing materials have wooden components, so they cannot be installed close to smoke ducts.

The indentation standards are regulated by the standards of January 41, 2003, which recommend installing an apron made of galvanized or laminated metal around the pipes, and filling the empty space with non-flammable mineral wool material.

If the connection of the soft roof to the chimney is improperly processed, leaks will begin in the best case, and in the worst case, installation errors can lead to a fire

In addition, when constructing a continuous flooring, sheets of particle boards or plywood are mounted with staggered seams, leaving a 3 mm gap between them to compensate for linear expansion in warm weather. And when filling a wooden sheathing, the boards must be placed with the convexity of the growth rings facing up - if for some reason the board moves, it will sag, filling the empty space, and not put pressure on the roof.

The sheathing for a soft roof is reliable and durable, which is due to the creation of a continuous two-layer wood flooring

A typical roofing pie contains the following layers:

Video: connecting the membrane to the pipe

Installation of a roofing pie under a soft roof

Let's consider laying a roofing pie under a soft covering using the example of a cold and insulated soft roof.

Installation of a cold structure

Since the roofing pie of a cold roof is simple, it is installed easily and quickly.

On cold pitched roofs, it is permissible to lay underlay carpet only in problem areas. On flat structures, the lining carpet is spread over the entire area.

Installation of insulated soft roofing

The pie of a warm soft roof is more complicated due to the addition of heat and vapor barrier, but it also does not pose any difficulties in installation, since the arrangement of the layers remains unchanged.

The layout of the warm roofing pie will be as follows.

Video: subtleties and nuances of laying underlay carpet

Lightning protection mesh in the roof pie

Often, in the old fashioned way, lightning protection mesh on flat structures is mounted in the roof pie under the insulation. Let’s say right away that such lightning protection is of zero use:

the location of the lightning rod near the reinforcement of reinforced concrete slabs or a load-bearing metal profile is meaningless, since it is likely that the lightning current will overlap with metal elements;
In this case, the covering material and roofing equipment remain unprotected and may be damaged by a lightning strike.

Properly equipped lightning protection is a mesh of semiconductors connected to lightning rods rising above the roof covering. Such a device provides many paths for the lightning charge to spread, which reduces the likelihood of lightning current breakdown on electrical installations and electrically conductive grounded parts of the building.

On flat roofs, the holders are simply weighted without additional fixation with self-tapping screws to the base, while on pitched roofs reliable fastening is required

Many people advise making lightning protection yourself. The matter, of course, is the owner’s, but, naturally, a home-made assembly cannot be compared with the factory equipment in terms of durability, reliability and manufacturability. Moreover, new developments in the field of lightning protection make it possible today to equip lightning protection grids that rise significantly above the coating. This will protect expensive equipment that ensures all vital functions of the house.

In conclusion, one piece of advice - do not skimp on installing a roofing pie. Any violation of technology will lead to unpredictable consequences, the least of which is heat loss and increased energy costs, as a result of which you will heat the street. Only high-quality materials, strict order, compliance with instructions and standards are the key to the longevity of the roof without additional costs for its maintenance and repair.

The roof structure is far from the simplest element of a building. As a rule, it consists of several layers of different materials that provide the proper level of noise, vapor and heat insulation. And, of course, they protect the house from precipitation at any time of the year.

However, different types of roofing require the appropriate types of materials. Experienced builders often know all time-tested options. And in the case of a roof pie under metal tiles, a number of additional nuances must be strictly observed.

In this article

Type No. 1: cheap and cold

A rational option if the roofing pie is calculated for outbuildings, gazebos or for housing in warm regions, where snow and cold are known only by hearsay.

The design of a cold roof is very simple and consists of only five elements:

Rafter system.
Waterproofing film. The hydraulic ventilation gap must also be taken into account.
Counter-lattice (wooden slats, planks or bars).
Lathing (bars or edged boards).
Metal tiles.

Easy to install, more budget-friendly. However, at the same time, you will have to forget about heat and sound insulation from the outside.

Type No. 2: minimum noise, maximum heat

An option for most private houses whose owners do not want to hear booming noise during rain and freeze when cold weather arrives.

What is included in the design:

Vapor barrier, which is installed on the inside of the roof.
Rafters with longitudinal purlins are the main load-bearing element of the structure.
Thermal insulation material is installed between the rafters and purlins. Gaps for ventilation must also be provided.
Waterproofing is installed above the insulation surface - a film/membrane that allows steam to pass through from the inside, but does not allow moisture to penetrate from the outside of the roof. The distance of waterproofing from the insulation should be approximately the same as from the metal tile - 40-50 cm.
A counter batten is installed parallel to the rafters, pressing the waterproofing. It also serves as a support for installing the sheathing.
The sheathing is where the metal tiles will be mounted. It is recommended to use beams with a design cross-section of 50x50, the fastening spacing along the slopes is 35-45 centimeters.
Metal tiles.

Such a metal roof pie will cost a little more, and installation will be more difficult and longer. However, the correct installation of these components will reliably protect against cold and precipitation. Such a roof will retain heat much more effectively than its “cold” counterpart.

Rules for selecting metal tiles

There are different tiles and tiles. Even if the material seems to be the same type. The current market offers customers a wide variety of options with any characteristics, appearance and, of course, price.

One of the main parameters affecting the strength of a material is the thickness of its metal base.. Typically, roofing pies use sheets no thicker than 0.4-0.5 mm. Reinforced options are guaranteed to affect the reliability of the roof, as well as the magnitude of its load on the rafters. Be sure to take this into account when calculating the roof frame.

In addition, any metal tiles must be covered with a protective layer during manufacture.. It provides resistance against aggressive external influences. And how effective this protection will be is determined only by the quality of the layer itself. Which will directly affect the cost of the tiles.

The height of its waves will give additional strength to the material. However, do not forget that galvanized sheets of the same length are used for any tile. Therefore, the greater the height of these waves, the material becomes not only more stable, but also gives less useful width.

Finally, the large length of the sheets greatly simplifies the entire installation process. In addition, the risk of leaks is reduced. On the other hand, this approach increases the chances of longitudinal deformation of the roof.

You need to know this from the very beginning

When assembling the roofing pie, special attention is paid to two points: the correct location of the waterproofing and ventilation gaps.

Many owners try to save on materials by purchasing cheaper mineral insulation, ecowool or glass wool instead of waterproof foam. With this choice, the costs will indeed be significantly lower. But then it is the thermal insulation that will become the most vulnerable point in the entire structure. After all, these materials are highly susceptible to the harmful effects of moisture. By “destructive” we mean the loss of its heat-saving properties up to 80%. Therefore, it is strongly recommended not to skimp on at least waterproofing.

However, not a single roof of a private house can be completely protected from moisture penetration into the roofing layers. For such cases, gaps are provided between the thermal insulation and the upper level of the cake, the dimensions of which are usually 30-40 mm. The air flow should go from the roof overhang to the ridge.

Slightly shorter gaps (10-15 mm) should also be present between the tiles and the waterproofing.

Installation technique

After calculations and selection of all necessary materials, the most important stage comes - installation of the roofing pie. Both types have their own characteristics, so when choosing a “cold roof” you can immediately proceed to the third stage. In the case of a “warm roof” you need to start from the very first point.

A vapor barrier layer will protect the roof from the harmful effects of steam from a warm room under the roof. Different types of vapor barriers require a certain gap during installation (which may vary from product to product). Therefore, for such cases, a counter batten (thickness - 30 mm) is first installed along the joist. A vapor barrier is attached to it using a construction stapler or counter-lattice. It must be laid along the slope from its lower part to the upper. Each row of the vapor barrier overlaps the previous one (100-150 mm). Exactly the same applies to longitudinal joints.
On the outside of the frame, insulation is stuffed between the joists. Space for air gaps must be provided.
A mandatory step not only for a “warm” roof, but also for a “cold” roof. A waterproofing film is attached along the joists using a vertical counter-lattice (beam 30x50x50 mm) with a nail pitch of 30 cm. A ventilation gap is also required here - the material must sag by at least 1-2 centimeters.
And the sheathing is already installed on the counter-lattice. Its pitch, as mentioned earlier, should not exceed 45 cm. In valleys, ridges and various junctions it is laid completely.

Please note that all wood materials of the pie must be calibrated and dried under natural conditions before installation. Treatment with fire retardants and antiseptics is highly desirable.

Finally, be sure to pay attention to your home's roof at least twice a year.. Regular preventive maintenance and, in particular, monitoring of additional elements, joints and junctions in advance will help to avoid possible problems with the roofing pie.

A roofing pie under a soft roof makes it possible to retain valuable heat as much as possible, remove excess moisture and carry out free air exchange with the external environment.

A roofing cake under a soft roof retains valuable heat and removes excess moisture.

Flexible tiles have been confidently holding high positions in the ranking of popularity among roofing materials for many years. Thanks to their distinctive properties - resistance to weather conditions, durability and ease of installation, bitumen products are leaders in the construction of private houses. Due to the constant rise in energy prices, an important parameter of such a roof is the degree of heat retention, which largely depends on the structure of the insulating pie.

What thermal insulation materials are used for modern roofing?

Modern materials for roof insulation are characterized by high resistance to external factors and humidity, as well as fire safety. When choosing them, you should be guided by the following criteria:

Figure 1. Scheme of the roofing pie of a warm roof.

High-quality insulation must stably maintain its characteristics over a long period of operation. This means that the material has the ability not to cake, not lose shape, and not become saturated with moisture.
The environmental safety of the heat insulator plays an important role. During its production, toxic substances that are released into the air should not be used.
It is best to choose insulation that has a low specific gravity. This material allows you to make a roof structure without additional elements that complicate construction and increase the cost of work.
Modern roofing products must be characterized by high levels of fire resistance - not support combustion. Insulation materials such as stone and mineral wool can withstand temperatures of about 1000°C and can act as a fire barrier.

When creating a warm roof, several types of materials are used. They differ not only in appearance and thickness, but also in functionality. The main heat-insulating layer consists of mineral or stone wool, in some cases glass wool is used. To limit the penetration of water, which reduces the useful characteristics of the insulation, the roof over the material is lined with a special superdiffusion membrane. To prevent water vapor from the air inside the house from condensing in a layer of mineral wool, it is isolated from the inside with a vapor barrier.

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The structure of the thermal insulation pie of a warm roof

A roofing pie is a complex, multi-layered structure consisting of several important elements, each of which takes on a certain part of the functions. Describing the structure of a soft roof with full insulation (Fig. 1), we can distinguish the following layers in it:

Figure 2. Scheme of the roofing pie of a cold roof.

The topmost one is bitumen shingles or another type of product.
The material is laid on a special lining carpet, which is a layer of polyester fabric covered on both sides with polypropylene film. The carpet provides additional protection from rain and snow by acting as a barrier between the soft tiles and the lower parts of the pie.
The top layers are laid on a continuous coating of OSB-3 boards (oriented strand board intended for use in conditions of high humidity).
A sparse sheathing runs under the particle boards. The frequency of its installation should be such that each slab rests on at least three boards.
A counter beam is nailed to the inside of the sheathing, the main purpose of which is to provide a ventilation gap.
A superdiffusion membrane is attached to it, which freely allows air to pass through, but retains moisture, thus protecting the layer of material from getting wet.
Underneath is the main part of the pie - mineral insulation. Its dimensions must correspond to the parameters of the rafters, since they create the walls of the cells in which the material will be located. The optimal thickness of mineral insulation is 200 mm. For work, it is best to purchase stone, mineral or glass wool, the thickness of which is 100 mm. It is laid in two layers, with seams spaced apart.
The rafter beam is an important element of the roof structure. Although it is not directly involved in the process, it creates support for the main layer of insulation.
Another counterbeam is installed across the rafter beams, which not only prevents the material from falling out, but also allows you to securely fasten the sheathing layer or additional thermal insulation.
It is used in cases where there is a risk of cold bridges occurring at the joints of mineral insulation. It is laid between the counter beams, similar to the main insulation layer.
A vapor barrier film is installed on top of the additional insulation. It is designed to prevent moisture contained in warm air from penetrating into the thickness of the product.
The vapor barrier film is attached with small strips, which also create a second air gap.
The last layer is a continuous hem. It can be made of lining, sheets of wood or plasterboard. Hemming, in some cases, is also a decorative element that does not require additional processing.

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Cold roof pie

When designing buildings and structures that do not include heating systems, the structure of the roofing pie is significantly simplified. It is not created using thermal insulation materials, which make up the main part of a soft roof with insulation.

Cold roofs are used in outbuildings, gazebos, and sheds. When decorating them in the same style as the rest of the buildings, proper installation of the roofing pie is required. In this case, it consists of asphalt shingles, underlayment, OSB sheets or thick plywood, which are attached to the sheathing. This entire package lies on the rafters that form the attic space (Fig. 2).